Pump



April 29, 1947- w. H. HAZARD 2,419,775

Filed July 5, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet l I Jnvenlor Will zg nliliazard April 29, 1947. w. H. HAZARD PUMP Filed Juiy a; 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 lLlll-l Ll ll .illlllll).

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April 29, 1.947- W. H. HAZARD 2,419,775

PUMP

Filed Jul 5, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 3' jiwezzior wiz i am H Iazard (7%, 0&0): *Mawg s.

April 1947- w. H. HAZARD 2,419,775

PUMP

Filed July 3, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet liwenfor' Williaggiifiazard Patented Apr. 29, 1947 PUMP William H. Hazard, Chicago, 111., assignor to Woodrufl & Edwards, Inc., Elgin, 111., a corporation of Delaware Application July 3, 1944, Serial No. 543,326

9 Claims.

ments to produce suction and compression for movement of the fluid therethrough.

More specifically, the invention has reference to a pump having a plurality of bellows pumping elements operating alternately to reduce the number of pulsations in the fiuid flow.

While pumps of the bellows type per se are known, it is recognized that a single bellows will produce a defined pulsating flow not to be desired. One of the principal objects of my invention is to provide a pump using a plurality of bellows elements operating alternately to provide a flow that is substantially continuous, i. e., devoid of the undesirable interrupted flow inherent in single-acting pumps.

It is necessary in most pumps now available to recondition the valves from time to time by refacing the seats and valves or to replace either or both. Frequently this is a serious problem, as the valves are so arranged that a major portion of the pump must be disassembled for access thereto, and the valves are so built into the unit so that replacement of the valve mechanism as such cannot readily be made.

Accordingly, other objects are to provide a pump as above referred to, having its valves assembled as a unit, which may, when worn beyond 'efficient functioning, be quickly removed from the pump proper and easily replaced with another unit; and further, to provide valve seats of material of relative softness in order that they may, when worn, be removed without injury to other parts of the pump. In this manner the pump is out of service for a negligible period and repairs may be made with the least trouble and expense. Moreover, in the present invention the valve assemly is in no way associated with the suction and discharge piping, and therefore these need not be disturbed for servicing of the valves.

Under certain conditions of installation it is so that it may, before installation, be interchanged as a unit from one side of the pump to the other; and furthermore to provide a valve unit assembly which may be rotated from one mounted position to another tolocate the suction and discharge valves on their respective sides of the pump to suit the inlet and outlet pipes.

In pumps having a piston closely fitting within a cylinder, as well as those having rotary fiuiddisplacing elements, the problems of wear due to inertia and unbalance of the moving parts, replacement of piston rings, leathers and various forms of packing are conductive to expensive maintenance. Furthermore, in those mechanisms the lubricating oil and grease may readily mix with the fluid being pumped.

In the pum'pof the present invention, a further aim is to eliminate any possibility of mixing of the lubricating oil and grease with the fluid passing therethrough by efiectively isolating the lubricant from the fluid chambers,-and, by the use of bellows elements for the pumping action, reducing the problems of wear and maintenance to a negligible degree. Moreover, a substantial reduction desirable to mount the pump so that the belt drive tion the pum for best accessibility of the parts mentioned is not always convenient as the pipe connections are fixed on the pump and a crossed routing of the piping to accommodate the same to the position of the pump is not always feasible.

Accordingly, a further object is the provision of a pump having a reversible driving assembly in friction losses is attained and water leakage entirely eliminated. In pumps utilizing valve discs of fibre or rubber compounds it is desirable to prevent them from drying out as this often re-' sults in cracking of the material. Therefore, an additional advantage resides in the arrangement of the several chambers of the present pump in their relation to the valves, so that the latter are at all times immersed in fluid.

The pump to be described is intended primarily for operation on farms or for other uses wherean expert maintenance mechanic is not ordinarily available. Thus a simple, effective, trouble-free unit is the prime consideration. Such advantages inherent in the subject invention will appear as the description proceeds.

Now referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view with certain portions broken away for clarity;

Fig. 2 is an end elevational view looking toward the motor, and also having certain parts broken away;

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectionalview on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1 with certain parts broken away and with the bellows pumping element there shown in expanded position; and

F g. 4 is a cross-sectional view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, and with certain parts broken away.

Directing attention now to Figure 1, the base H is substantially a box-like structure provided with a pair of legs l2, which are desirably bolted of the base II.

-the bifurcated extension 23 carried on the motor shelf 24. The shelf 24 is provided with a downwardly extending arm 25 having a hole 25 adapted to fit over the threaded stud 21 fixed in the wall A washer 3| and nut 32 serve to retain the arm 25 on the stud 21 against the thrust of the coil spring 33. By the means just described the motor shelf 24 may be tilted clockwise or counterclockwise to increase or diminish the tension of the drive belt, the nut 32 serving to adjust the desired tension. It is to be noted that the pivot 22 is displaced from the vertical center line of the motor 35. Thus the weight of the motor, motor shelf, and their associated parts always tends toward clockwise rotation about the pivot 22 and provides constant regulation of the tension in the belt 42.

Carried on the motor shelf 24 by bolts 34 is the electric motor 35 bearing on its shaft the grooved pulley 4|. In certain locations it may be desirable to substitute a gasoline motor or other prime mover for the electric motor. The motor 35 drives,

through the V-belt 42, the flywheel 43, which may be grooved or provided with a flat or crowned face, as preferred. The flywheel 43 is keyed or fastened in any common manner (Fig. 2 to the main shaft 5|; the latter being journalled in ball or roller bearings 52 fitted with the housing 53. A shoulder 54 bears against an oil seal BI of any well-known type to eliminate leakage of lubricant around the shaft 5|. The housing 53 is provided with a peripheral flange 52 having a plurality of holes 63 through which pass the cap screws 64 securing the housing to the base II. Intermediate the shaft 5| and housing 53 is the oil chamber 65 communicating with the chamber I4 by meam of conduit 55 terminating in a cup 61. Return of lubricant from the chamber 65 to the chamber I4 is provided through the inner one of bearings 52 and through the outer bearing 52 and conduit 88.

The flange 62 is provided with a finished inner face 1| adapted to contact a correspondingly shaped outer finished boss 12 on the base I I. A finished inwardly extended portion 13 is fitted into a finishedcorresponding aperture 14 in the base II. By reason of the engaging surfaces 1| and 12 and 13 and 14 the main shaft assembly as carried by housing 53 is maintained in a predetermined accurate position in all three directions.

Directly opposite the aperture 14 in the other wall of the base II is an identical aperture 8| normally covered by a plate 82 held to the base II by cap screws 83 and provided witha hole 84 stoppered by a plug 85 whereby oil may be poured into the bottom of the chamber I 4 and maintained at the level fixed by the elevation of the top of the opening '84. Another opening 85 in the base II (Fig. 1) closed by a plug 81 serves to drain lubricant from the chamber I4.

Should it be desired to locate the drive assem bly shown at the left in Figure 2 on the righthand side, only the belt 42 and screws 84 need be removed and the entire drive assembly relocated on the other side. In that case plate 82 and its associated parts are substituted on the left-hand side over the aperture 14. The electric motor 35 or other prime mover may be correspondingly reversed by means of bolts 34.

Fixed to the inner extremity of the drive shaft 5| by a pin 9| is the collar 92 bearing an eccentrically located cylindrical post 93. Rotatably mounted by one end thereof on the post 93 is the connecting rod 95 (Fig. 1). An anti-friction bushing 98 is shown interposed between the post 93 and connecting rod 95. Extending radially from the collar 92 is an arm 91 provided with a fixed blade or paddle 98 for a purpose to be de-, scribed.

The opposite extremity of the rod 95 is journalled on a pivot I8| also provided with an antifriction bushing I82, the pivot I8| being carried by the bifurcated arm I83 of the bell crank I84. Only sufllcient clearance is left between arm I83 and rod 95 to permit freedom of movement of the latter while maintaining the rod 95 in its desired lateral position so that removal of the drive shaft assembly may be effected without removing the connecting rod from its associated mechanism. The bell crank I84 rocks on the pivot I85 supported in the bifurcated bracket I88 fastened to an intermediate casing III by screws I811.

The intermediate casing III is substantially rectangular in form and is provided with a rim 2 co-extensive with the border of the aperture I5 and sealed with respect to the casing III by a asket 3. Casing III is partitioned medially by Engaging said hole I33 is a drive rod I34 held in proper relation to the connection I 32 by a locknut I35.

To the lowermost flange of each bellows is attached an end fitting I4I and integral therewith is the sleeve I42 externally threaded at its lower end as at I43 and received in a hole I44 in the floor I45 of the casing I I I. A gasket I 5| is provided between disc I and the floor I 45 and the sleeve I42 locked into position by the nut I52.

Drive rod I34 extends through the sleeve I42 and is provided at its lower end with threads engaging a correspondingly threaded hole I53 in the head I54. A look nut I55 maintains the proper relative position of the head 'I54 and rod I34.. Each head I54 is journalled on a pivot IiI carried on an arm I62 of the bell crank I84.

and lil, and oil also reaches the rods I34. However, since any such oil that may go beyond the floor I45 is effectively retained within the bellows no opportunity exists for admixture of oil with the fiuid being pumped.

The casing III (Fig. 3) also includes an inlet port |1| threaded for reception of a standard pipe, and connected with a passage I12 adjacent chambers I22 and I23 but separated therefrom by a partition I13. An opening I14 at the top of the passage I12 is provided for a p pose to bedescribed.

At the opposite side of the pump there is a threaded outlet port I15 connected with another passage I16 also adjacent chambers I22 and I23 but separated therefrom by a partition I11. An

opening I18 corresponding to opening I14 is also 4 provided.

Mounted directly above the casing III is the substantially flat valve plate I8I (Figs. 1 and 3) coextensive with casing I I I, and separated therefrom by a gasket I82. The plate I8I is pierced by four circular openings I83, 9. pair being associated with each bellows chamber I22 and I23 and the members of each pair being distributed on either side of each bellows element I24 and I25 (Fig. 4). Each opening I83 is occupied by a valve seat I84 pressed thereinto and secured further by being peened over as at I85 into the chamfered rim of the opening I83. The seat I84 is provided with a peripheral flange I88 to engage the face of the plate I8I and thereby locate the seat accurately with respect thereto. Preferably the valve seats I84 are formed from relatively soft metal so that, for replacement, it is a simple matter to remove them by chlseling, press in a new seat and peen the edge as aforesaid, without the danger of cracking the valve plate Extending radially inward from the Wall of the seat I84 is the pair of arms I9I (Fig. 4) supporting a central boss I92 provided with a circular aperture I93. Thus the arms I9I d'efine a pair of reniform ports I94 for the passage of fluid through the seat I84.

Fitted Within the aperture I93 and rigidly secured with respect to the seat I84, as by peening, is the cylindrical post I95. Adapted to slide axially on said post I95, normally covering the ports I94 and substantially coextensive with the seat I84, is the circular valve disc 20I. A conical coil spring 202 capped by a bushing 203 normally urges the disc 20I into closing relation with the ports I94, A cotter or like pin 204 passing through the post I95 serves to preventbushing 203 from being forced away from the spring 202.

Carried above the plate I8l and sealed thereto by the medium of a gasket 2II is the upper casing 2I2, subdivided by a partition M3 at right angles to partition I2I to form the inlet chamber 2I4 and outlet chamber 2I5. The upper casing 2I2 is further partially subdivided by partitions 2; and 2H to form with the horizontal offset roof of the casing 2I2 the inlet port 2I8 and outlet port 2I9 respectively, and those Walls 2I6 and 2I1 continue in right-angled branches 22I and 222 toward the center partition M3. to form together with the walls of the casing 2 I 2 -reservoirs 223, 224, 225 and 226, whereby the valves are always submerged and hence primed for prompt pumping upon starting of the pump. The uppermost chamber portions23l and 232 of the casing 2I2 serve as air and vacuum chambers to cushion the pulsations of the pump and thereby result in a smooth flow of fluid therethrough. It will be noted that partitions 2|6 and 2" form with the outer walls of the casing 2I2, the channels 233 and 234.

To maintain the casing 2I2, the valve plate I8I, the intermediate casing III and their gaskets in fixed relation with each other, there is provided a plurality of bolts 24I, in this case, four in number, passing through ears 240, 242 and 243 forming integral parts of the chambers 2I2, plate I 8I and casing III, respectively. The casing I II is attached to the base II by means of III and ears 251 integral with the base II. Washers 256 of rubber or the like serve to seal the openings through which the bolts 255 pass.

Adverting particularly to Figure 2, the chamber 2I2 is provided with priming ports 25I and 252 closable by plugs 253 and 254, individual to the chambers H4 and 2I5, and for the usual purpose, when necessary, of admitting fluid to the chambers for priming the pump upon starting.

Having described the construction of the invention, its operation will now be detailed. Assuming the pump is dry from having been inactive, it is first-primed as noted in the foregoing paragraph, and the motor or engine started by a suitable switch or other suitable means (not shown). Through the belt 42 the shaft 5I is rotated to operate the eccentric 93, the associated connecting rod 95 and bell crank I04, and thereby impart alternated reciprocating motion to the rods I34, one individual to each bellows I24 and I25. Inasmuch as the action of both bellows is identical but alternated, the operation of only one, I24, will be described, and from that mode of operation the action will be seen to be analogous to the displacement of fluid by a piston within a cylinder.

As the bellows I24 is compressed by a downward movement of the arm I62 appurtenant thereto, its volume is'decreased and a suction created Within the chamber I22. The inlet valve 20I associated with the chamber I22 thereupon opens and fluid enters the chamber from inlet I1I, chamber L12, opening I14, channel 233, port 2I8, chamber 223, and ports I94, the discharge valve 20I (at the left in Fig. 3) meanwhile remaining closed due to the suction.

Upon upward movement of the rod I34 the bellows I24 is expanded, thereby increasing its volume and producing a pressure in the chamber I22. Thereupon inlet valve 20I is permitted to close under urging of its spring 202 and discharge valve 20I is opened to permit the fluid to be discharged through the valve, the chamber 224, port 2I9, channel 234, opening I18, chamber I16 and outthrough the discharge port I15.

It will be observed that as bellows I24 is acting for suction, bellows I25 is acting for discharge and vice versa, each operating independently through its individual pair of suction and discharge valves 20I, but through common inlet and discharge passages. In this way the pressure and suction Waves in the fluid overlap to produce a substantially even flow, i. e., the ripple ordinarily present in the flow of a single acting pump is flattened to asubstantial extent. From the foregoing it will be noted that the I valve plate assembly is a simple unit and that all four individual valve assemblies are identical in construction, regardless of whether the valve is used on the suction or discharge side of the pump. Furthermore, the valve assemblies and the valve mounting plate I8I constitute a unit severable from the remainder of the pump without the need of disconnecting any moving parts or pipe connections. Thus, in the event of replacement or repair of a valve element, the entire plate and valves are dissociated from the pump and replaced as an entity, thereby avoiding the problems that would arise by improper refacing or repair of a valve by an inexperienced person. However, it will be appreciated that if desired any particular valve may be quickly disassembled for servicing by removing the pin 204.

Moreover due to the symmetrical nature of the bolts 255 passing through the floor of the casing valve plate and its assembled parts the entire 7 valve unitmay be rotated horizontally to suit the location of the inlet and outlet pipes, i. e., assuming a particular position of inlet and outlet pipes, only the valve plate need be turned and the pump reverses its action. In connection with such modification no other parts or the pump except the bolts 2 need be disturbed.

One of the principal advantages or the present invention resides in the use of a bellows element as the fluid-displacing means. From the construction described it will be seen that the fluid being pumped is completely isolated from the lubricant used on the other moving parts. Thus, the pump is ideally adapted to the movement of fluids which must be carefully guarded against contamination, e. g., drinking water, milk and chemicals. The bellows itself is seli lubricating in that the surrounding fluid efiectively disposes of the heat generated by molecular friction within the metal of the bellows.

A particular advantage of the pump of my in vention resides in the elimination of packing as used in the conventional type of reciprocating pump in which a piston operating within 9. cyl. inder is used as the fluid displacing means. In that type the piston rod ordinarily associated with the piston must be sealed by the use of a stufilng box and gland and when naphtha, gasoline and similar petroleum products are pumped it is found that the packing which must be employed in the 'stufllng box is subject to rapid deterioratlon by these products. In the present apparatus no packing is employed and with obvious advantages.

Another .important consideration is the absence of any free passage from the pumping chambers. Hence, once primed, the pump chambers are always filled with fluid, and the pump is always prepared for instant action. Furthermore, due to the partitions 2H5, 2| 1, HI and 222, the valves are always immersed and hence primed.

As compared to the commoner types of pumps using a reciprocating piston within a cylinder, or rotary fluid displacing elements in which wear is a serious impediment, it is interesting to note that the bellows described and shown herein has, on test, been expanded and compressed 600,000,-

000 times without failure, and since that indicated an indefinitelife, the test was abandoned. It will be understood that the invention is not limited 'to a pump provided with two chambers,

each enclosing a bellows, but that there may be a plurality greater than two. In such event the main drive shaft would comprise a crank shaft having the desired number of cranks, each having its connecting rod actuating a pair 01 bellows through a bell cmak as shown, or its equivalent.

Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so fully explain the gist of my invention that others may, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt the same for use under varying conditions of service, without eliminating certain features, which may properly be said to constitute the essential items of novelty involved, whichitems are intended to be defined and secured to me by the following-claims.

I claim:

l. A fluid pump, comprising in combination, a plurality of pumping chambers, a plurality of sectional bellows of resilient metal, one individual to each said pumping chamber within the same and fixed at one end to a wall thereof, a base, a common inlet chamber, a common outlet chamber, both said chambers common to saidpumping chambers, a plurality of inlet valves. one individual to each pumping chamber and serving to interconnect its said pumping chamber to said inlet chamber, a plurality of outlet valves, one individual to each pumping chamber and serving to interconnect its said pumping chamber to said outlet chamber: and means to compress and expand each said bellows successively and repeatedly to introduce fluid from said common inlet chambe to its said pumping chamber through its associated inlet valve, and to discharge said fluid from its said pumping chamber through its associated outlet valve to said common outlet chamber. said means comprising a housing supported on said base and including bearings, a crank shaft carried on said bearings. power-driven means to rotate said crank shaft, a plurality oi rods, one individual to each said bellows and connected to the free end of each said bellows, means for operatively connecting said crank shaft to said rods to subject each said bellows to reciprocatory alternate compression and expansion, said housing being adapted to be supported on said base at either side thereof selectively.

2. A fluid pump, comprising in combination, an upper chamber subdivided into inlet and outlet compartments; a lower chamber subdivided into a plurality of pumping compartments, each said pumping compartment including a sectional bellows of resilient metal; a plurality of inlet valves and a plurality of outlet valves, one 01' each individual to each pumping compartment and operable toconnect each pumping compartment to the said inlet chamber and to the said outlet chamber alternatelyrand means to compress compartments; a lower chamber subdivided into a plurality of pumping compartments, each said pumping compartment including a fluid-displacing element comprising a sectional bellows of resilient metal; a mounting plate intermediate said upper chamber and lower chamber and having a plurality of inlet ports and a like plurality of outlet ports therein; spring-pressed valve discs normally closing said ports and carried on said plate, and means for maintaining said upper and lower chamber and said plate in fixed relation.

4. A fluid pump comprising in combination an upper chambersuddivided into inlet and outlet compartments, a lower chamber subdivided into a plurality of pumping compartments, 9. base member having a. reservoir for storage of lubricant, a. pumping element in each said pumping compartment comprising a sectional bellows of resilient metal closed at one end and having an aperture at the other end, a sleeve having a flange at one end and an aperture through said sleeve, said sleeve passing through said first mentioned aperture to fix one end of said bellows to said pumping compartment, a rod connected to the free end of said bellows and extending into the base member, said rod fitting slidably within said second mentioned aperture whereby said sleeve forms a seal to minimize entry of lubricant to the interior of said bellows, and means for reciprocating said rod to compress and, expand said bellows to displace fluid through said pumping compartments.

5. In a, fluid pump, in combination, a plurality of fluid displacing elements; a base for said pump having at least two parallel spaced sides; a pair of identical apertures in said sides. one individual to each said side; means intermediate said sides and connected to said elements to actuate from said pin upon detachment of said housing from said base and means for mounting the housing and said shaft in either of said apertures interchangeably.

6. A fluid pump, comprising in combination, an

, upper chamber subdivided into inlet and outlet compartments, each said compartment determining a fluid zone and an air zone; a pumping chamber below said upper chamber and subdivided into a pair of pumping compartments; a pair of fluid displacing elements, one individual to each said pumping compartment and inclosed therein and comprising a sectional bellows of resilient metal; means for attaching one end of each said bellows to the floor of its individual pumping compartment and including a sleeve; a rod attached to the opposite free end of each bellows, said rod passing through said sleeve and guided thereby; a base for said pump; a three-armed lever pivoted on said base; means for operatively connecting each said rod to separate opposed arms of said lever; power-driven means including an eccentric; a link for operatively connecting said eccentric to the remaining arm of said lever; a valve mount- .ing plate positioned between said upper chamber and said pumping chamber; a pair of inlet valves and a pair of outlet valves carried by said plate, a single member of each pair being individual to each pumping compartment; and means to maintain said upper chamber, said plate, said pumping chamber and said base in fixed relationship.

7. A fluid pump comprising in combination, a pumping chamber including a fluid displacin element, an inlet valve, an outlet valve, and a chamber disposed above said pumping chamber, said last mentioned chamber including partitions forming a pair of wells, one associated with each said valve and forming a fluid reservoir for submers'ion of said valves, and said last mentioned chamber including a dome forming an air-enclosing zone.

8. A fluid pump comprising in combination, a lower casing including partitions to form a pumping chamber, an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber, said pumping chamber including a fluid-displacing element, and said inlet and outlet chambers each being provided with a port for intake of fluid to said pumping chamber and delivery thereof from said pumping chamber respectively, a valve plate provided with an inlet valve and an outlet valve, an upper casing defining a fluid chamber and an air-enclosing'chamber, said plate being separably attached to and positioned intermediate said two casings.

9. A fluid pump comprising in combination, a lower casing includingpartitions to form a pumping chamber, an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber, said pumping chamber including a fluiddisplacing element, and said inlet and outlet chambers each being provided with a port, one port providing an inlet to the pump and the other port providing an outlet from the pump, a valve plate provided with an inlet valve and an outlet valve, an upper casing defining a fluid chamber and an air-enclosing chamber, said plate being separably attached to and positioned intermediate said two casings, an inlet passage extending from the port associated with said inlet chamber,

through said plate to said fluid chamber, and an outlet passage extending from the port associated with said outlet chamber through said plate to said fluid chamber.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED'STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 199,288 Hall Jan. 15, 1878 566,895 Dow Sept. 1, 1896 995,815 Temple June 20, 1911 1,454,886 Giesler May 15, 1923 1,545,208 Smith July 7, 1925 1,549,064 Cooke Aug. 11, 1925 1,692,921 Banning Nov. 27, 1928 1,647,361 Hufnagle Nov. 1, 1927 1,881,951 Rayfield Oct. 11, 1932 1,442,308 Valle et al. Jan. 16, 1923 2,123,577 Pelich July 12, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 890 British 1860 659,847 French 1929 

